Basic raw materials for solar container ceramics

Ceramics are used in the fabrication of solar panels in the form of transparent conductive coatings (TCOs). TCOs are currently based primarily on indium-tin oxide (ITO), which is by far the most popular, followed by aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). The article reveals the necessity of developing solar energy-based technologies as an energy-saving renewable natural resource. Ceramic materials, namely aluminum titanate, corundum, ZrO 2 -based solid solutions, and a Bi/Pb superconducting material, were obtained in a big solar furnace (Parkent). In energy conversion, ceramics and glass are found in solar cells and solar collectors that transform solar energy to electricity; fuel cells and batteries that change chemical to electrical energy; thermoelectric generators that convert heat to power; and gas turbines that produce mechanical. While traditional ceramics have their roots in naturally abundant materials such as clay, silica, and feldspar, advanced ceramics represent a new frontier, employing cutting-edge synthetic materials like alumina, silicon carbide, and tungsten carbide.